Niacinamide: Niacinamide, commonly known as vitamin B3 or nicotinamide, is a special ingredient that restores skin and has many positive effects on the skin. It is most renowned for its capacity to help enhance uneven/dull skin tone and dramatically minimise enlarged pores. Additionally, it reinforces a thin skin barrier.
Hyaluronic acid : Hyaluronic acid can increase skin's moisture content, soothe, and protect against moisture loss. It also has healing properties. It is the best hydrator for all skin types because it can hold 1,000 times its own weight in water.
Alpha Arbutin : A synthetic or plant-derived ingredient called alpha-arbutin helps to balance out skin tone, brighten, and remove blemishes. It also shields skin from oxidative stress. It is produced using glucose in its alpha form and hydroquinone.
According to studies, alpha-arbutin can effectively diminish hyperpigmentation when combined with other known substances such as tranexamic acid, vitamin C, niacinamide, and retinaldehyde (retinal).
Glycerine: Glycerin is a naturally occurring ingredient in skin that replenishes and restores skin, aiding in the maintenance of normal balance and moisture. It is one of the many compounds in skin that contribute to preserving a healthy appearance and feel by fending off dryness and preserving skin's moisture content. Glycerin, which excels at hydrating, performs best when mixed with other rehydrating and emollient substances.
Ethyl Hexyl glycerin / Phenoxyethanol: A combination of skin emollients, antimicrobials, and preservatives necessary to keep the formula fresh and prevent microbial growth.
Xanthan gum: Xanthan gum in skin care is used as a thickening agent, texture enhancer, and to stabilize the product.
Sodium Gluconate: This synthetic component bonds to metal ions to make skin care products more stable. It also functions as a humectant, aiding skin in retaining moisture.