Lactic acid: Lactic acid removes dead skin cells from the skin's surface when used in a formulation with the proper pH (preferably between 3 and 4), between 5 to 12% concentration. By dissolving the substance holding dead skin together, it achieves this and restores the natural shedding of the skin. The natural moisturising factor, or NMF, of the skin, sodium lactate, which is a component of lactic acid, also possesses hydrating qualities.
The skin's barrier is strengthened by lactic acid by stimulating the production of additional ceramides. It also has a significant impact on the microbiome of the skin, which helps to maintain the health of the skin's first line of defence.
Glycolic acid: Glycolic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that, like other chemicals in the group, can function as a water-binding agent and, when applied properly and in concentrations of 5% or above, as an exfoliant. There are different AHAs, but glycolic acid has by far the most data supporting it.
Gluconolactone: Polyhydroxy acids, also known as PHAs, include gluconolactone. PHAs are predicted to be equally potent to AHAs but less sensitising.
AHAs and gluconolactone share comparable chemical and functional properties (such as glycolic acid). Because of its bigger molecular structure, gluconolactone differs significantly from AHAs in that it is less likely to cause sensitising adverse effects because it cannot penetrate skin as deeply. According to claims, their efficiency is unaffected by this decreased skin absorption.
Salicylic acid: Salicylic acid, commonly known as beta hydroxy acid or BHA, is a desmolytic substance that can exfoliate by breaking the bonds that hold dead skin cells to the surface of the skin. Salicylic acid has the capacity to penetrate the pore lining and exfoliate within the pore since it is oil soluble. Because of this, it works especially well to lessen breakouts, including blackheads and whiteheads.
Caffeine: Caffeine is an antioxidant, known to shield skin from the chemicals known as free radicals, which break down collagen and cause wrinkles, fine lines, and other signs of sagging, sallow skin.
Guar Gum: Guar gum in skin care is used as a thickening agent, texture enhancer, and to stabilize the product.
Glycerine: Glycerin is a naturally occurring ingredient in skin that replenishes and restores skin, aiding in the maintenance of normal balance and moisture. It is one of the many compounds in skin that contribute to preserving a healthy appearance and feel by fending off dryness and preserving skin's moisture content. Glycerin, which excels at hydrating, performs best when mixed with other rehydrating and emollient substances.
Proplene Glycol: It is a humectant, which means that it binds to water well and functions as both a moisturising agent and a solvent to let other substances penetrate the skin. Additionally, it enhances the texture of skin care products and contains a minor preservative.
Phenoxyethanol, Ethyl hexyl glycerin: A combination of skin emollients, antimicrobials, and preservatives necessary to keep the formula fresh and prevent microbial growth.
Sodium Gluconate: This synthetic component bonds to metal ions to make skin care products more stable. It also functions as a humectant, aiding skin in retaining moisture.
